The narrative propagated by Western media and ideologists that Africa is incapable of holding free and fair elections is increasingly being dispelled. Evidence of significant electoral reforms across the continent has demonstrated that many African countries are making substantial progress in improving their electoral processes, ensuring greater transparency and fairness.
Electoral Reforms Across Africa
The continent has recorded notable progress in electoral reforms, aimed at addressing concerns of electoral malpractice and enhancing the credibility of elections. Key examples of these efforts include:
Kenya: Reforming the Electoral System
Following Kenya’s 2017 elections, the country undertook a comprehensive reform process, which included restructuring the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) to enhance its independence and effectiveness. The introduction of biometric voter registration and electronic vote transmission was designed to improve the accuracy and transparency of the electoral process.
The 2022 general elections, conducted under these reforms, demonstrated significant improvements compared to previous elections. Despite some challenges, the electoral process was widely praised for its increased transparency and the IEBC’s effective management, setting a positive precedent for future elections. The European Union (EU) mission noted that the 2022 elections showed notable advancements in transparency and management, commending the enhanced technological measures that contributed to a more credible electoral process.
Nigeria’s 2022 Electoral Act
Nigeria’s 2022 Electoral Act represents a major overhaul aimed at addressing numerous electoral issues. The Act mandates the use of the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) for biometric verification and electronic transmission of results, with the goal of reducing fraud and improving the reliability of election outcomes. Additionally, the Act introduces stricter penalties for electoral offences and strengthens the independence of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).
The 2023 general elections, the first held under the new legislative framework, were marked by logistical challenges but a reduction in violence, reflecting a notable advancement in the electoral process. The Commonwealth Observer Group acknowledged the progress made in Nigeria’s electoral system, praising the new technologies and legislative changes as significant steps towards greater electoral integrity.
Ghana: A Model of Stability
Ghana’s stable democracy and consistent electoral reforms have been praised globally. The Electoral Commission’s new guidelines, coupled with biometric verification systems, have increased transparency in elections. The 2020 polls showcased the effectiveness of these reforms, with improved voter registration processes and a reduction in electoral disputes.
Regional Efforts and Collaborative Initiatives
Regional organisations such as the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have played a crucial role in advancing electoral reforms across the continent. The AU’s African Charter on Democracy, Elections, and Governance (ACDEG) establishes standards for democratic governance and encourages member states to implement reforms that strengthen electoral integrity.
ECOWAS supports electoral reforms through its Electoral Assistance Programme, providing technical and financial support to member states in their efforts to enhance electoral systems and institutions.
While significant progress has been made, challenges remain. Issues such as political violence, inadequate voter education, and logistical difficulties continue to impact the electoral process in some regions. President Kagame of Rwanda has emphasised the need to overcome these obstacles, arguing that a multifaceted approach is necessary to address these challenges. This includes strengthening electoral institutions and ensuring they are well-resourced and independent—crucial for maintaining the integrity of elections.
Nevertheless, the ongoing reforms and the dedication of African nations to improving their electoral systems are promising signs of progress. As African countries continue to refine their electoral processes, the global community should acknowledge and support these efforts, recognising them as part of a broader commitment to democratic governance and civic engagement.
