Urban planning and infrastructure development have been persistent challenges for Africa since the pre-independence era. The continent’s rapid urbanisation has intensified concerns regarding these issues, necessitating a response that transcends national boundaries to address common urban challenges such as transportation, environmental sustainability, and economic development.
Urban planning is a critical concern not just in Africa but globally. For example, in Europe, the European Union’s Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) addresses challenges arising from urbanisation, such as enhancing connectivity between member states and supporting the free movement of goods and people across Europe.
In Africa, the African Union Border Programme (AUBP) was initiated in 2007 to encourage and facilitate cross-border cooperation through joint planning, the development of cross-border areas, and building the capacity of member states to manage borders and support regional integration. Additionally, the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) has been adopted by all African countries to mobilise resources for transforming Africa with modern infrastructure.
PIDA focuses on four key sectors: the energy sector, which aims to develop efficient, reliable, affordable, and environmentally friendly energy networks while increasing access to modern energy services; water resource management, which seeks to promote and improve the management of water resources and develop cross-border infrastructure to strengthen institutions for effective cooperation; the transport sector, which strives to facilitate the free movement of goods and people through efficient, safe, affordable, and reliable transportation services; and the ICT sector, which aims to improve access to reliable and affordable broadband networks, meet Africa’s demand for internet services, and promote intra-African e-commerce.
However, the coordination of infrastructure projects remains a significant challenge in Africa due to varying regulations, cultural differences, and political landscapes across different countries and regions. Infrastructure development is vital for economic growth, poverty reduction, and achieving sustainable development goals. Yet, aligning standards and protocols between countries can lead to friction and delays that hinder cross-border infrastructure projects.
Cultural differences and political tensions also play a major role in urban planning. Cross-border disputes and insensitivity to diverse cultural contexts and local priorities can impact the continuity and success of collaborative efforts in urban planning and infrastructure development. Political instability in one country can delay or even halt projects that involve multiple nations.
Despite these challenges, cross-border urban development holds great potential within the continent. Collaborative projects often foster the development of cutting-edge technologies and practices that benefit all participating countries. The cooperation between African nations can accelerate the adoption of smart solutions, such as energy-efficient buildings, intelligent transportation systems, and advanced waste management techniques.
Cross-border infrastructure projects can stimulate economic growth by opening new markets and fostering regional integration. Integrated economic zones and transportation networks boost trade, attract investment, and create jobs across the countries where these projects are implemented.
It is essential for Africa to prioritise sustainability and climate resilience when planning the future of cross-border urban development. Collaborative efforts among African nations are crucial in addressing the environmental, economic, and social challenges that arise from infrastructure development. Embracing digital technologies and data analytics will optimise infrastructure and improve decision-making while enhancing collaboration across borders.
