With the recently celebrated International Women’s Day, it is crucial to reflect on the vital role women play in driving economic growth and development in African countries. Despite comprising a significant portion of the continent’s population, women face numerous structural obstacles that hinder their full participation in formal economic activity. Recognising and addressing these barriers is essential to unlocking Africa’s economic potential.
According to the Global Gender Gap Report published by the World Economic Forum, Sub-Saharan Africa has made notable strides in closing the gender gap, improving by an overall 5.6 percentage points since 2006. This progress is evident as 21 out of 35 economies in the region rank within the top 100 globally. Namibia, in particular, stands out as a top-ten performer, showcasing the positive impact of gender-inclusive policies on economic outcomes.
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One key takeaway from the report is that the “Participation and Opportunity” index currently stands at 68.1%, reflecting significant advancements in labour-force participation and notable progress in women’s representation in technical and professional roles. Increasing women’s engagement in the workforce is not just a matter of equity; it is a crucial driver of economic growth.
Studies have consistently shown that bridging gender inequalities in labour force participation can lead to enhanced Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In many African economies, where agriculture and informal trading dominate, empowering women with access to education, financing, and technology can drive substantial increases in productivity. For instance, Rwanda has become a beacon of gender inclusion, with women playing vital roles in both governance and business, demonstrating that gender equality can be a catalyst for economic growth.
Investing in women’s economic participation has far-reaching benefits, particularly in poverty reduction. Women tend to reinvest up to 90% of their earnings back into their families and communities, improving access to education, healthcare, and overall living standards. Financial inclusion—through mechanisms such as bank accounts, mobile banking, and microloans—further enables women to start businesses and achieve financial independence. Expanding financial services targeted at women is crucial for accelerating economic transitions in the region.
The Global Gender Gap Report highlights African countries making strides in women’s economic participation. Liberia leads the way with an economic participation and opportunity index score of 0.874, ranking first globally. Botswana follows closely with a score of 0.854, ranking second. Other African nations in the top rankings include Eswatini (fourth globally), Togo (11th), Kenya (13th), Zimbabwe (14th), Burundi (15th), Namibia (17th), Madagascar (25th), and Ghana (30th). These countries demonstrate progress in promoting women’s economic empowerment and providing opportunities for women to participate in the workforce.
The advancements showcased by these nations reflect a growing recognition that empowering women is integral to economic development. However, much work remains to be done. Structural and societal barriers must be dismantled to ensure that women can participate fully in all sectors of the economy.
Achieving economic growth and sustainable development in Africa hinges on the active engagement of women. By fostering an environment where women can thrive economically, the continent will not only improve the lives of millions but also propel its economies to new heights. As we celebrate International Women’s Day, let us commit to championing gender equality and ensuring that women can unlock their full potential in every sphere of life.
